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Rare Earth Investment Chart Overview
Explore rare earth mine production and reserves, U.S. supply, apparent consumption, trade and import reliance, plus IEA magnet rare earth demand, mining and refining outlooks.
USGS Long-term U.S. and World Rare Earth Mine Production
USGS Long-term U.S. and World Rare Earth Mine Production. REO means rare-earth-oxide equivalent, a common basis that makes differently reported rare-earth materials comparable. U.S. and world production use separate panels because the world scale is much larger; neither line represents refined output. Wheel/Pinch=Zoom · Drag=Box zoom · Alt+Drag/Arrows=Pan · Double-click=Reset
U.S. rare earth mine production
World rare earth mine production
- USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) is the U.S. federal science agency that publishes mineral production, trade and supply information.
- REO means rare-earth-oxide equivalent, a common basis that makes differently reported rare-earth materials comparable.
- U.S. and world production use separate panels because the world scale is much larger; neither line represents refined output.
USGS U.S. Rare Earth Supply and Apparent Consumption
USGS U.S. Rare Earth Supply and Apparent Consumption. Apparent consumption is a supply-balance estimate of material available to U.S. users, not a survey of final-use demand. Production, imports and exports use the same REO basis, but historical definitions and revisions can change across source vintages. Wheel/Pinch=Zoom · Drag=Box zoom · Alt+Drag/Arrows=Pan · Double-click=Reset
U.S. production and apparent consumption
U.S. rare earth trade
- USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) is the U.S. federal science agency that publishes mineral production, trade and supply information.
- Apparent consumption is a supply-balance estimate of material available to U.S. users, not a survey of final-use demand.
- Production, imports and exports use the same REO basis, but historical definitions and revisions can change across source vintages.
USGS Rare Earth Mine Production and Reserves by Country
USGS Rare Earth Mine Production and Reserves by Country. Reserves are deposits judged economically recoverable under current conditions, so they can change with prices, technology and reassessment. Production is an annual flow while reserves are a point-in-time stock; separate panels prevent their very different scales from hiding countries. Wheel/Pinch=Zoom · Drag=Box zoom · Alt+Drag/Arrows=Pan · Double-click=Reset
Mine production by country
Reserves by country
- USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) is the U.S. federal science agency that publishes mineral production, trade and supply information.
- Reserves are deposits judged economically recoverable under current conditions, so they can change with prices, technology and reassessment.
- Production is an annual flow while reserves are a point-in-time stock; separate panels prevent their very different scales from hiding countries.
USGS U.S. Rare Earth Production and Apparent Consumption
USGS U.S. Rare Earth Production and Apparent Consumption. Mineral concentrate is an upstream mined product, while compounds and metals are downstream processed material; the two production lines should not be added. Apparent consumption estimates available compounds and metals from the supply balance, not measured use by every final product. Wheel/Pinch=Zoom · Drag=Box zoom · Alt+Drag/Arrows=Pan · Double-click=Reset
U.S. rare earth production stages
U.S. apparent consumption of compounds and metals
- USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) is the U.S. federal science agency that publishes mineral production, trade and supply information.
- Mineral concentrate is an upstream mined product, while compounds and metals are downstream processed material; the two production lines should not be added.
- Apparent consumption estimates available compounds and metals from the supply balance, not measured use by every final product.
USGS U.S. Rare Earth Net Import Reliance
USGS U.S. Rare Earth Net Import Reliance. Net import reliance compares net imports with apparent consumption to show how much U.S. compounds-and-metals supply depends on foreign material. The “>” sign is part of the source value: “>95” means above 95%, so the exact percentage is not claimed. Wheel/Pinch=Zoom · Drag=Box zoom · Alt+Drag/Arrows=Pan · Double-click=Reset
Net import reliance for compounds and metals
- USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) is the U.S. federal science agency that publishes mineral production, trade and supply information.
- Net import reliance compares net imports with apparent consumption to show how much U.S. compounds-and-metals supply depends on foreign material.
- The “>” sign is part of the source value: “>95” means above 95%, so the exact percentage is not claimed.
USGS U.S. Rare Earth Import Sources
USGS U.S. Rare Earth Import Sources. Import share shows the country from which U.S. rare-earth materials were imported during the stated period, not necessarily where the ore was mined. These are period-average trade shares for covered materials; finished products containing rare earths can fall outside the measure. Wheel/Pinch=Zoom · Drag=Box zoom · Alt+Drag/Arrows=Pan · Double-click=Reset
Share of U.S. rare earth imports by source country
- USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) is the U.S. federal science agency that publishes mineral production, trade and supply information.
- Import share shows the country from which U.S. rare-earth materials were imported during the stated period, not necessarily where the ore was mined.
- These are period-average trade shares for covered materials; finished products containing rare earths can fall outside the measure.
IEA Magnet Rare Earth Demand Outlook
IEA Magnet Rare Earth Demand Outlook. Magnet rare earths are elements used in permanent magnets, especially for electric-vehicle motors and wind turbines; this is narrower than all rare earths. CPS, STEPS and HDS are different policy-demand scenarios, while the second panel breaks only STEPS into electric vehicles, wind and other uses. Wheel/Pinch=Zoom · Drag=Box zoom · Alt+Drag/Arrows=Pan · Double-click=Reset
Total demand by policy scenario
STEPS demand by end use
- IEA (International Energy Agency) is the public or international system that publishes energy, nuclear or climate data used in this chart.
- Magnet rare earths are elements used in permanent magnets, especially for electric-vehicle motors and wind turbines; this is narrower than all rare earths.
- CPS, STEPS and HDS are different policy-demand scenarios, while the second panel breaks only STEPS into electric vehicles, wind and other uses.
IEA Magnet Rare Earth Mining and Refining Outlook
IEA Magnet Rare Earth Mining and Refining Outlook. Mining extracts ore or concentrate, while refining separates and processes magnet rare-earth material; country leadership can differ between the two stages. The lines are IEA base-case projections, not guaranteed projects or capacity commitments, and “other countries” preserves the source aggregate. Wheel/Pinch=Zoom · Drag=Box zoom · Alt+Drag/Arrows=Pan · Double-click=Reset
Projected mining total
Projected mining by country
Projected refining total
Projected refining by country
- IEA (International Energy Agency) is the public or international system that publishes energy, nuclear or climate data used in this chart.
- Mining extracts ore or concentrate, while refining separates and processes magnet rare-earth material; country leadership can differ between the two stages.
- The lines are IEA base-case projections, not guaranteed projects or capacity commitments, and “other countries” preserves the source aggregate.
IEA 2035 Rare Earth Expected Supply and Primary Supply Requirements
IEA 2035 Rare Earth Expected Supply and Primary Supply Requirements. Expected supply compares the IEA base and high-production cases; primary supply requirements are policy-scenario needs, not another supply forecast. “Additional in STEPS/HDS” is an increment relative to CPS, so it must not be read as the whole requirement or added to either supply case. Wheel/Pinch=Zoom · Drag=Box zoom · Alt+Drag/Arrows=Pan · Double-click=Reset
Expected supply cases
Primary supply requirement cases
- IEA (International Energy Agency) is the public or international system that publishes energy, nuclear or climate data used in this chart.
- Expected supply compares the IEA base and high-production cases; primary supply requirements are policy-scenario needs, not another supply forecast.
- “Additional in STEPS/HDS” is an increment relative to CPS, so it must not be read as the whole requirement or added to either supply case.
This data is provided for general informational purposes only and may not be entirely accurate. All investment decisions are solely the responsibility of the investor, and we assume no liability for any losses arising from the use of this data. Please consult a qualified professional if necessary.
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